German Railway Artillery During World War II History of 28cm K5 Eisenbahngeschütz Why the name 'Leopold' ? The Marking Camouflage Deployment of K5(E) Transport Preparing for firing Aiming station - Ausf C and Ausf D Line Drawings from Jan Coen Wijnstok Line Drawings Original - by Greg Heuer K5 Vorläufige Beschreibung Band I by Greg Heuer BR52 and PS360 photos by Greg Heuer K5 Crews layout by Greg Heuer Vögele Turntable by Greg Heuer Other Collections by Greg Heuer Other Collections by Greg Heuer Page 2 |
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Deployment
of K5E : Extracted from the book : Leopold by Jan Coen WIjnstok / ISBN-83-920254-5-8) From 1940 onwards, K5's were delivered to the railway batteries. After training they were first deployed on the Channel coast in support of the invasion of Great Britain, called Operation Seelöwe (See Lion), which was later cancelled. By the beginning of 1941 there were four Eisenbahnbatterien, 710, 712, 713 and 765, stationed around Boulogne and Calais. They were used to shell the English Channel coast. Next, they were assigned to different Army Groups for the invasion of Russia. K5's were used in the sieges of Sevastopol, Leningrad and Stalingrad. But they would return to the Channel coast again and again to find their most intensive use there. By 1944, they were part of the Atlantic Wall, with prepared positions to fire from the bunkers for concealment. Eisenbahnbatterie 712 was to be sent to North Africa, but the Germans were beaten before they reached it. They saw action in Italy during the landings at Anzio.Their guns became collectively known as 'Anzio Annie' to the Allied troops. Both guns were captured and Leopold was send to the USA. Eisenbahnbaterie 712 was reequipped in northern Italy and disbanded in Germany at the end of 1944. The last remaining batteries on the Channel Coast, 688, 710 and 713, were withdrawn to the Netherlands in September 1944 and subsequently destroyed there. Battery 686 was withdrawn from the Eastern Front in the middle of 1944 because of a lack of target and ammunition. This lack of ammunition had plagued K5 throughout its career. There are several reports of guns standing idle for long periods because of it. In some cases, the projected monthly output of 50 projectiles could not be met. Priority was frequently given to the production of commoner types of ammunition. Sometimes the entire output was fired by the guns on the Channel Coast, leaving the other guns idle. When Eisenbahnbatterie 712 fired 523 rounds at the Anzio bridgehead over a period of three months, this led to severe shortages of ammunition on other fronts. Documents mention at unforeseen use of ammunition. On 14 April 1944 there is a total of 1486 grenades available for 16 operational guns. It makes you wonder if K5 was really an effective weapon, it was best suited to siege warfare, whereas the Second World War had a very mobile character. It was vulnerable to reconnaissance and attack from the air, for example, Eisenbahnbatterie 712 had to abandon its gun becasue bombing destroyed the railway. Bombers could do K5's job cheaper and more effectively even in 1940, so we could conclude that K5, for all its technical achievement, was actually obsolete by the time it entered service. Reference : Read more about Anzio Beachhead 22nd January - 25th May 1944 |
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Batteries of Railway Gun |
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Notes : Blue letters data - updated and contribution from Greg Heuer. |
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Battery number | Type of Gun | Number of guns | Remarks |
Battery
Geneisenau Battery 655 |
15cm KE | 4* | Qty 4 in 1940, Qty 2 in 1941 |
Battery 717 | 17cm KE | 3 | Artillery regiment 676, Aug 1844 |
Battery 718 | 17cm KE | 3 | Artillery regiment 676, Aug 1844 |
Battery 701 | 21cm K12 V | 1 | Qty
1 in 1941, Qty 2 in 1943/44 Artillery regiment 655, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 686 | 28cm K5 + 40cm 752 (f) | 2 + 4 | Artillery
regiment 679, Aug. 1944 (report Nr. 2740/44 g.Kds indicates however that Battery 686 was Qty 2 752(f) with Qty 1 Siefried) |
Battery 688 | 28cm K5 | 2 | |
Battery 689 | 28cm Schwere Bruno L/42 | 2 | |
Battery 710 | 28cm K5 | 2 | Artillery regiment 655, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 711 | 37cm (f) MIS | 2 | captured gun (no longer a unit in 1941 forward) |
Battery 712 | 28cm K5 | 2 | Artillery regiment 646, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 697 | 28cm K5 | 2 | Velocity measuring troop |
Battery 713 | 28cm K5 | 2 | |
Batteries 765 and 617 | 28cm K5 | 2 | Velocity measuring troop |
Detachment 100 | 28cm K5 | 2 | training and replacement |
Battery 690 | 28cm Kurze Bruno | 2* | (Qty
2 : 1941, Qty 4 : Jan 1944) Coastal Artillery regiment 676, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 694 | 28cm Kurze Bruno | 2 | 1941, no longer a unit in 1943/44 |
Battery 695 | 28cm Kurze Bruno | 2* | (Qty
1 : 1941, +32cm (f) 1943/44) Artillery regiment 679, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 696 | 28cm Kurze Bruno | 2 | Artillery regiment 676, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 721 | 28cm Kurze Bruno | 2 | (Qty
1 in 1940, Qty 2 in 1943/44) Artillery regiment 780, combined with regiment 640 in Aug. 1944 |
Battery 692 | 27.4 cm 592 (f) | 3 | Artillery
regiment 640 combined with regiment 780 in Aug. 1944 |
Battery 691 | 24cm 651 (f) | 3 | Artillery regiment 646, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 722 | 24cm Th. Bruno | 4 | Coastal |
Battery 674 | 24cm Th. | 2 | Artillery
regiment 780 combined with regiment 640 in Aug. 1944 |
Battery 664 | 24cm Kurze Th. Bruno | 2 | Artillery
regiment 780 combined with regiment 640 in Aug. 1944 |
Battery 749 | 28cm K5 | 2 | Artillery
regiment 640 combined with regiment 780 in Aug. 1944 |
Battery 725 | 28cm K5 + 28cm N.Bruno | 2 + 2 | Artillery
regiment 646, N.Bruno split off Aug. 1944 |
Battery 459 | 37cm 651 (f) | 3 | Artillery regiment 646, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 693 | 40cm 752 (f) | 4 | Artillery regiment 646, Aug. 1944 |
Battery 698 | 38cm Siegfried | 2* | (Qty
1 : in 1944 with 1 Siegfried going to 679) Artillery regiment 640 combined with regiment 780 in Aug. 1944. |
Deutsche
Reichsbahn Equipment Number for 28cm K5 series
data provided by Greg Heuer
S/N | Deutsche Reichsbahn Series number | Manufacturer | Battery | Remarks |
01 | 919 201 | ? | ? | |
02 | 919 210 | ? | ? | |
03 | 919 211 | ? | ? | |
04 | 919 212 | ? | ? | |
05 | 919 213 | ? | ? | |
06 | 919 214 | ? | ? | |
07 | 919 215 | ? | ? | |
08 | 919 216 | ? | ? | |
09 | 919 217 | Hanomag | ? | |
10 | 919 218 | Hanomag | ? | |
11 | 919 219 | Hanomag | ? | "Leopold" |
12 | 919 220 | Hanomag | ? | |
13 | 919 354 | ? | ? | |
14 | 919 356 | ? | ? | |
15 | 919 396 | ? | ? | |
16 | 919 397 | ? | ? | |
17 | 919 398 | ? | ? | |
18 | 919 399 | ? | ? | |
19 | 919 400 | ? | ? | |
20 | 919 443 | ? | ? | |
21 | 919 444 | ? | ? | |
22 | 919 445 | ? | ? | |
23 | 919 446 | ? | ? | |
24 | 919 683 | ? | ? |
Armored
Trains : (Page 164)
Extracted from the book
: Fortress Third Reich by J.E.Kaufmann & H.K.Kaufmann - ISBN
0-306-81239-8
Armored trains served in the German Army until the end of the war.
Early in the war they were used in offensive operations, but later they
also served as defensive units. Seven of the trains - numbered 1 to 7 were
being readied in September 1939. Four more trains - number 21 to 24 were
available for the Western campaign and over thirty more were added between
then and mid 1944, by which time they were used for defensive purposes.
Many were captured Czech and Polish trains, and later Russian units as
well. By the end of 1942, most of the trains were used for internal
security, i.e. protecting the rail lines from Russian partisans. Special
light scout trains, more lightly armed than the others, were used
effectively in the Balkans to secure the rail lines. Captured enemy
armored vehicles were also adapted for use on the rails, adding to the
number of rolling forts.
The locomotives and various wagons for the crew and weapons were covered
with armor. In many cases the locomotive was not placed in the lead, but
rather in the center of the train. Some wagons mounted guns, others were
adapted for carrying tanks on armored flat cars, others still carried
troops. The tanks could quickly be unloaded to pursue the enemy. Most
trains also included a special command car with communications equipment.
Artillery cars were special armored wagons that transported a variety of
weapons, including, more often than not, a turret mounted gun. The flak
car are either a flatbed wagon that mounted the weapons, or an armored
wagon with a hatch in the roof that opened for a pair of 20mm guns. Some
of the special trains, created in mid 1943, included a light scout car
that mounted machine guns or heavy scout cars that mounted a tank turret
from a Panzer III or IV with 75mm gun.
These trains continued to serve until the end of the war, carrying out a
wide variety of functions from patrolling the coast of the French Riviera
to helping tear up track on the Eastern Front during the retreat. As long
as the rail lines remained intact, they could fill in gaps in the line.
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one35th - Last updated on :
Sunday, April 27, 2008 |